Expansion of reserves proposed -- IMF
- The International Monetary Fund's executive board discussed a proposed $650 billion expansion of its emergency reserves or Special Drawing Rights, marking the next step in a process expected to be completed in August.
- It is aimed at helping the most vulnerable members of the global lender weather the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic fallout.
Special Drawing Rights (SDR):
- The SDR is an international reserve asset, created by the IMF in 1969.
- It is used to supplement its member countries’ official reserves.
- The SDR is neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members.
- SDRs can be exchanged for these currencies.
- The value of the SDR is based on a basket of five currencies—the U.S. dollar, the euro, the Chinese renminbi, the Japanese yen, and the British pound sterling.
Currencies included in the SDR basket have to meet two criteria:
- Export criterion
- Freely usable criterion
- Export criterion if its issuer is an IMF member or a monetary union that includes IMF members, and is also one of the top five world exporters.
- For it to be freely usable, it has to be widely used to make payments for international transactions and widely traded in the principal exchange markets.
- Quota (the amount contributed to the IMF) of a country is denominated (expressed) in SDRs.
International Monetary Fund (IMF):
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The formation of the IMF was initiated in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference.
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IMF came into operation on 27th December 1945.
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Currently, it consists of 189 member countries.
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It was developed as an initiative to promote international monetary cooperation, enable international trade, achieve financial stability, stimulate high employment, diminish poverty in the world, and sustain economic growth.
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Headquarter: Washington
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India is a founder member of the IMF. India’s Union Finance Minister is the Ex Officio Governor on the IMF’s Board of Governors.
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India is the eighth largest quota holding country at the organization.