| Report Title | India Justice Report (IJR) 2025 |
| Published By | Tata Trusts, DAKSH, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, Common Cause, Centre for Social Justice, Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, TISS-Prayas |
| Key Pillars | Police, Prisons, Judiciary, Legal Aid, Human Rights Commissions |
| Police Issues | Urban-centric infrastructure, police-to-population ratio at 155 per lakh (sanctioned strength: 197), Bihar at 81 per lakh |
| Judiciary Issues | 20% rise in pending cases (over 5 crore), 33% High Court vacancies, 21% district court vacancies, judges handle 2,200 cases on average |
| Prison Issues | 131% average occupancy, 76% undertrials, 25% undertrials detained for 1-3 years, daily expenditure per inmate: ₹121 |
| Legal Aid Issues | One legal aid clinic serves 163 villages on average, 41,553 panel lawyers, 43,050 paralegal volunteers |
| Forensics & Human Rights Issues | Forensic labs underfunded, poorly equipped, understaffed; State Human Rights Commissions face leadership vacancies |
| Positive Developments | 38% women judges in district judiciary, 83% police stations have CCTV cameras, increased justice-related budget allocations |
| State Rankings | Karnataka (1st), Andhra Pradesh (2nd), Telangana (3rd), Kerala (4th); UP (17th), WB (18th) |
| Rule of Law Index 2024 | India ranks 79/142; Criminal justice: 89th, Civil justice: 111th |
