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Key AspectDetails
Event/HighlightTurkmenistan legalizes cryptocurrency mining and exchanges.
Effective DateJanuary 2026
Legislation Signed BySerdar Berdimuhamedov
Key Provisions- Virtual assets brought under civil law.
- Licensing system for cryptocurrency exchanges introduced.
- Licenses regulated by the Central Bank.
- Cryptocurrencies not recognized as legal tender, currency, or securities.
Economic Context- Turkmenistan's economy heavily dependent on natural gas exports.
- Aims to diversify economy and attract technological investment.
- Maintains strict state oversight over financial activities.
Background- Former Soviet republic, independent since 1991.
- Declared permanent neutrality in 1995.
- Holds world's fourth-largest natural gas reserves.
- Recent steps include e-visas and digital reforms.
Exam QuestionQ. Cryptocurrency mining and exchanges in Turkmenistan will be regulated by,
A. Ministry of Energy B. Ministry of Finance C. Central Bank D. Parliament
Correct Answer: C. Central Bank

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